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Oversewn binding
Oversewn bindings are a type of bookbinding produced by sewing together loose leaves of paper to form a text block. Threads pass through small holes that have been punched in the signature's ''gutter margin'' (nearest the spine), forming overlock stitches that attach it to previously attached sections.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 ANSI/NISO Z39.78 - 2000 Library Binding )〕 This method of stitching is sometimes called ''stab sewing.'' A piece of linen is then glued to the text block spine for further support. The book's spine may be rounded and backed to keep it from caving in, but if the text block is too thick, the spine is sometimes left flat.〔Boardway, David, Margaret Byrnes, Charlane Grant, and Gregor Trinkhaus-Randall. (1993) "Commercial Library Binding." ''Preservation Planning Program: Managing a Library Binding Program''. Jan Merrill-Oldham (ed). Association of Research Library: Washington D.C.〕 A strip of cloth called a ''super'' is then often affixed to the spine of the text block and then to the boards of the case. Oversewing can be done by hand but is usually done with a machine in a bindery.
Oversewing was frequently used as a rebinding technique for libraries. In this case, the book's spine must be separated from the text block. Usually this requires removing a small section of the leaves' inside margin as well. It is a very strong, durable binding technique, but has lost popularity since the 1980s due to some characteristics librarians perceive as drawbacks.
==History==
Cedric Chivers patented hand oversewing in 1904. He emphasized its efficiency and pointed out that technicians could do the work previously entrusted only to trained binders. Chivers opened operations in Bath, England and New York City, and by 1908 his American operation had served up to five hundred libraries in the United States. He was a skilled salesman, but historians suggest Chivers was overly focused on financial gain to the disregard of standards and specifications like the Committee on Leather for Bookbinding.
In 1920, W. Elmo Reavis, a bookbinder from Los Angeles, invented an oversewing machine, and began selling it to American libraries. The mechanization of the process Chivers patented led to oversewing - now mass-produced, assembly line work - becoming even more popular.〔 By the 1930s, oversewing was part of standard library binding specifications.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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